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stuhlmueller + philosophy   50

All Souls College Philosophy Fellowship Exam (pdf)
If you want to practice reductive explanation and, before that, the dissolving/righting/making precise of questions, the All Souls exam has lots to offer.
philosophy  psychology  questions 
august 2009 by stuhlmueller
Paul Almond
Articles on ai, anthropics, minds and substrates, planning as modelling, Occam's razor and more.
ai  philosophy  mind  occam 
may 2009 by stuhlmueller
Eric Schwitzgebel
Writes about phenomenal consciousness, belief and introspection.
philosophy  psychology  consciousness  introspection 
may 2009 by stuhlmueller
Cosma Shalizi - Notebooks
Learning, inference, prediction, complex systems, evolution, ... – feels like Christmas!
*interesting  essays  science  philosophy 
october 2008 by stuhlmueller
The Language of Thought Hypothesis
Postulates that thought and thinking take place in a mental language that is physically realized in the brain and has a combinatorial syntax (and semantics) such that operations on representations are causally sensitive only to the syntactic properties of representations.
philosophy  thought  cognition  fodor 
august 2008 by stuhlmueller
Extelligence
This story is for the extended mind thesis what Permutation City is for a certain sort of computationalism: Something between an illumination of the fascinating consequences and a reductio ad absurdum.
extended  mind  cogsci  philosophy 
july 2008 by stuhlmueller
Personal Identity (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
If branching and merging identities were reality, would the evolved concept of a persisting personal identity become irrelevant over time?
identity  personhood  philosophy 
july 2008 by stuhlmueller
Probabilistic Causation (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
All else being equal, causes raise the probabilities of their effects. Thus, the relationship between cause and effect can be modeled using the tools of probability theory.
philosophy  causality  pearl 
june 2008 by stuhlmueller
Causation and Manipulability (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Introduction to manipulablity theories of causation, according to which causes are to be regarded as handles or devices for manipulating effects.
causality  philosophy  pearl 
june 2008 by stuhlmueller
Derek Jarman's Wittgenstein
A dramatization, in modern theatrical style, of the life and thought of Ludwig Wittgenstein.
philosophy  wittgenstein  video 
may 2008 by stuhlmueller
Das Rad (or, The Wheel)
What we consider "real time" — how fast we move, talk, think — is no more real than other time scales.
time  philosophy  video 
april 2008 by stuhlmueller
An Introduction to the Philosophy of Physics: Locality, Fields, Energy, and Mass
Must a cause be spatiotemporally local to its effect, or is action at a distance possible?
philosophy  physics  book 
march 2008 by stuhlmueller
Lee Corbin's Home Page
"Interests: Cryonics, Mathematics, History, Chess, Philosophy, Polemics"
philosophy  multiverse  corbin  people 
march 2008 by stuhlmueller
The Repugnant Conclusion
"For any possible population of at least ten billion people, all with a very high quality of life, there must be some much larger imaginable population whose existence [..] would be better even though its members have lives that are barely worth living."
population  ethics  philosophy 
january 2008 by stuhlmueller
The World Question Center 2008 (Edge)
This year's question: What have you changed your mind about? Why?
science  philosophy  ideas  edge 
january 2008 by stuhlmueller
The Reversal Test - Nick Bostrom (PDF)
Detect status quo bias in applied ethics by considering parameter changes in both directions. Eliminate status quo bias by thinking of the status quo as a situation that could be reached from an initial position with higher or lower parameter values.
ethics  philosophy  bostrom  biases 
december 2007 by stuhlmueller
Logical Systems - Peter Suber
Class covering different systems of logic, set theory, basic meta-math and recursive function theory.
logic  philosophy  math  course 
december 2007 by stuhlmueller
Simulation, Consciousness, Existence -- Hans Moravec, 1998
Greg Egan: "A fascinating and thoughtful essay [..] which deals with ideas that are essentially identical to the Dust Theory."
philosophy  simulation  consciousness  multiverse 
december 2007 by stuhlmueller
Theory of Nothing
Explores the consequences of assuming that a) everything exists, and that b) the reality we observe must be compatible with our existence within that reality.
philosophy  cosmology  physics  ebook 
december 2007 by stuhlmueller
Philosophical Issues in Kolmogorov Complexity - Li, Vitanyi
Why is our world compressible? How is induction possible? What is the relation between physical and algorithmic entropy?
kolmogorov  complexity  philosophy  physics 
december 2007 by stuhlmueller
Why Men Fight
A Method of Abolishing the International Duel. By Bertrand Russell.
war  society  philosophy 
december 2007 by stuhlmueller
The Problems of Philosophy
1912 Introduction by Bertrand Russell, covers mainly epistemology.
philosophy  russell  ebook 
october 2007 by stuhlmueller
Can Computers Think?
A set of 7 poster-sized argumentation maps that chart the entire history of the debate.
ai  philosophy  poster 
september 2007 by stuhlmueller
The Methodology of Normative Economics (pdf)
Assumes that people care not only about their material well-being, but also about what kind of society they live in, and derives that maximizing almost any social welfare function results in a paradox which limits the planner's choice severely.
economics  philosophy  society 
september 2007 by stuhlmueller
A Computational Foundation for the Study of Cognition
What is it for a physical system to implement a computation? Is computation sufficient for thought? What is the role of computation in a theory of cognition? What is the relation between different sorts of computational theory (e.g. connectionism)?
compsci  cogsci  philosophy 
june 2007 by stuhlmueller
Philosophy of Genetics
"What you want is who you can become. We are free to choose what we want, but we are not free in our wants themselves (desires and motivations), which are innate and vary across the population."
philosophy  mind  freewill  genetics  blog 
may 2007 by stuhlmueller
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences
If you recall that modern science is only about 400 years old, and that there have been from 3 to 5 generations per century, then there have been at most 20 generations since Newton and Galileo.
philosophy  math  science 
may 2007 by stuhlmueller
Bohm interpretation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bohm's interpretation of quantum mechanics tries to provide a local deterministic objective description that resolves many of the paradoxes of quantum mechanics, such as Schrödinger's cat, the measurement problem and the collapse of the wavefunction.
quantum  physics  philosophy  science 
may 2007 by stuhlmueller
Predictions from Philosophy
How philosophers could make themselves useful.
bostrom  philosophy  transhumanism 
april 2007 by stuhlmueller
Is "the theory of everything'' merely the ultimate ensemble theory?
The predictions of the theory take the form of probability distributions for the outcome of experiments, which makes it testable.
physics  philosophy  tegmark  theory 
april 2007 by stuhlmueller
Absent Qualia, Fading Qualia, Dancing Qualia
Conclusion: Systems that duplicate our functional organization will be conscious even if they are made of silicon, constructed out of water-pipes, or instantiated in an entire population.
chalmers  philosophy  mind  ai  consciousness 
april 2007 by stuhlmueller
Philosophie-Neurowissenschaften-Kognition
BA Studiengang an der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg.
studium  philosophy  neuroscience  cognition 
march 2007 by stuhlmueller
Being No One (Thomas Metzinger)
Consciousness, the Phenomenal Self, and the First-Person Perspective. Video of 2004 Foerster Lecture at UC Berkeley, Oct. 18, 2004.
consciousness  philosophy  video 
march 2007 by stuhlmueller
Two Dogmas of Empiricism (Quine)
An attack on two central parts of the logical positivists' philosophy: 1. The distinction between analytic truths and synthetic truths. 2. Reductionism.
philosophy  quine  reductionism  empiricism 
february 2007 by stuhlmueller
Principle of indifference - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
If n possibilities are indistinguishable, then each possibility should be assigned the probability 1/n. For continuous variables, the principle of indifference does not indicate which variable is to have a uniform epistemic probability distribution.
math  philosophy  probabilitytheory 
february 2007 by stuhlmueller
Formal frameworks for circular phenomena (by Kai-Uwe Kuehnberger, Osnabrück) (PDF)
Possibilities of modeling pathological expressions in formal and natural languages. May in part be relevant for models where classical decision theory breaks down due to infinite recursion.
ai  logic  philosophy  decisiontheory  osnabrück 
january 2007 by stuhlmueller
Is-ought problem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Given our knowledge of the way the world is, how can we know the way the world ought to be? Hume's Guillotine: Such a derivation is impossible.
philosophy  ethics  morality  wikipedia 
january 2007 by stuhlmueller
Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years
It takes about ten years to develop expertise in any of a wide variety of areas, including chess playing, music composition, painting, piano playing, swimming, tennis, and research in neuropsychology and topology. There appear to be no real shortcuts.
learning  programming  philosophy 
january 2007 by stuhlmueller
What is the one thing everyone should learn about science?
Martin Rees, professor of cosmology: "I'd like to widen people's awareness of the tremendous timespan lying ahead — for our planet, and for life itself."
science  philosophy  quotes  future 
january 2007 by stuhlmueller
Just what's so wonderful about this whole existence thing anyway?
"It is in the trees, it is in the gas giants, in the nebulae, in a future wrought of laughter and imagination and intent. It's in music. It is so pervasive and so utterly, indescribably beautiful." And it's easier to see if you're in love.
philosophy  life  longevity  meaning  inspiration 
january 2007 by stuhlmueller
Hegel: Phänomenologie des Geistes
"... dass diese Furcht zu irren schon der Irrtum selbst ist."
hegel  philosophy  science  mind 
january 2007 by stuhlmueller
Das Dilemma von Gegenwart und Zukunft (tiefgedacht)
"Lebe so, dass du dein Leben nie bereust — wann immer es zu Ende ist."
philosophy  dilemma  future  present  alex 
january 2007 by stuhlmueller
Attention, Meaning, and Meaningfulness
Humans exchange meaning through attention.
philosophy  attention  goldhaber 
december 2006 by stuhlmueller
Finite and Infinite Games
Finite players try to control the game, predict everything, and set the outcome in advance. They try to fix the future based on the past. Infinite players enjoy being surprised. The meaning of the past changes depending on what happens in the future.
philosophy 
december 2006 by stuhlmueller
Richard Dawkins on TEDTalks
In this talk, titled, "Queerer Than We Suppose: The strangeness of science," Dawkins suggests that the true nature of the universe eludes us, because the human mind evolved to understand the "middle-sized" world we can observe.
dawkins  science  philosophy  religion 
october 2006 by stuhlmueller
The Revolutionary Pleasure of Thinking for Yourself
Central thesis: All genuine revolutionary impulses and activities stem directly from the desires of individuals, not from any ideologically imposed sense of "duty" with its attendant guilt, self-sacrifice, and self-deadening "shoulds."
philosophy  psychology 
september 2006 by stuhlmueller
Axioms as the Basis for All Understanding
"You are your axioms."
philosophy  ebook 
august 2006 by stuhlmueller
anthropic-principle.com
Popular overviews and scholarly material on everything related to observation selection effects, the anthropic principle, self-locating belief, and associated applications and paradoxes in science and philosophy.
science  cosmology  future  philosophy  bostrom 
august 2006 by stuhlmueller
urticator.net - Glue
Essays about art, memes, the mind, language, philosophy, strategies and more.
essays  mind  philosophy  memetics 
august 2006 by stuhlmueller
Twelve Virtues of Rationality
Curiosity, relinquishment, lightness, evenness, argument, empiricism, simplicity, humility, perfectionism, precision, scholarship, and the void.
philosophy  rationality  yudkowsky  *insightful 
august 2006 by stuhlmueller

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