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Non-Uniform Random Variate Generation
Describes how to generate samples from different types of probability distributions.
math  probability  sampling 
october 2008
Dirichlet Processes: Tutorial and Practical Course
Introduces Dirichlet processes and describe different representations of Dirichlet processes, including the Blackwell-MacQueen urn scheme, Chinese restaurant processes, and the stick-breaking construction.
dirichlet  bayes  math  video 
october 2008
Growing a Language (pdf)
Experimental talk: Defines its terms and says everything else in words of one syllable. I wish philosophical essays were written in this style.
compsci  language  programming 
october 2008
Towards a General Theory of Neural Computation Based on Prediction by Single Neurons
A theory that relates biophysical properties of single neurons to principles of Bayesian probability theory, reinforcement learning and efficient coding.
neuroscience  bayes 
october 2008
Causal Architecture, Complexity, and Self-Organization in Time Series and Cellular Automata
Formalizes the notions of "emergence" and "self-organization".
complexity  emergence  causality 
october 2008
The Backwards Arrow of Time of the Coherently Bayesian Statistical Mechanic
Argues that thermodynamic entropy can't be identified with the information-theoretic uncertainty of an (ideal) observer’s subjective distribution over a system’s microstates.
information  theory  thermodynamics 
october 2008
Cosma Shalizi - Notebooks
Learning, inference, prediction, complex systems, evolution, ... – feels like Christmas!
*interesting  essays  science  philosophy 
october 2008
Google (2001)
"Your search - youtube - did not match any documents."
google  history  search 
september 2008
Advice to Younger Mathematicians (pdf)
The final chapter of the Princeton Companion to Mathematics.
math  research  advice 
september 2008
Signal Detection Theory
Provides a precise language and graphic notation for analyzing decision making in the presence of uncertainty.
psychology  signal  probabilitytheory 
september 2008
Heisenthought.
"A mental event or sequence characterized by coexistence of loosely related, sometimes contradictory, sets of knowledge or tasks. [..] Collapse triggered upon the observation of the state of current knowledge by a third party."
thought  definition 
september 2008
Reverse Mathematics
A program in mathematical logic that seeks to determine which axioms are required to prove certain theorems of mathematics.
mathematics  logic  wikipedia 
september 2008
Some history of the hierarchical Bayesian methodology
"I think the predominant philosophy [in the mid of the 21st century] will be a Bayes/non-Bayes synthesis or compromise, and that the Bayesian part will be mostly hierarchical." -- I. J. Good, 1980!
bayes  history  statistics 
september 2008
The evolution of superstitious and superstition-like behaviour (pdf)
An amalgam of Hamilton’s rule and Pascal’s wager shows how natural selection can favour strategies that lead to frequent errors in attributing causality as long as the occasional correct response carries a large fitness benefit.
causality  evolutionary  psychology 
september 2008
The Dynamic Brain: From Spiking Neurons to Neural Masses and Cortical Fields
Reviews and integrates a variety of computational approaches that have been used to characterize the dynamics of the cortex, as evidenced at different levels of measurement.
brain  cortex  neuroscience  research 
september 2008
Dirichlet Processes, Chinese Restaurant Processes, and all that
On nonparametric Bayesian modeling and inference, including various versions of "Chinese restaurant process priors" that allow flexible structures to be learned and that allow sharing of statistical strength among sets of related structures.
bayes  inference  machinelearning  video 
september 2008
Promethease
A tool to build a report based on SNPedia and a file of genotypes, e.g. from 23andMe.
genetics  software 
september 2008
PyMC - Google Code
Python module for Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling (Metropolis-Hastings).
python  machinelearning  bayes  markov 
september 2008
Dempster-Shafer theory
A generalization of the Bayesian theory of subjective probability which does not require exact probabilities for each question of interest; can yield answers which contradict those arrived at using probability theory.
probabilitytheory  math  bayes 
september 2008
Disco
An open-source implementation of the Map-Reduce framework for parallel computations over large data sets. Can be used from Python.
python  distributed  computing 
september 2008
PIRSA - Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive
"PIRSA is a permanent, free, searchable, and citable archive of recorded seminars from relevant bodies in physics."
physics  science  video 
september 2008
Machine Super Intelligence - Shane Legg (pdf)
Shane's thesis. Good intro to Bayesian sequence prediction, Solomonoff's universal prior and Solomonoff induction.
ai  aixi  intelligence 
august 2008
MIT Center for Collective Intelligence
How can people and computers be connected so that—collectively—they act more intelligently than any individuals, groups, or computers have ever done before?
intelligence  society  community  mit 
august 2008
The Language of Thought Hypothesis
Postulates that thought and thinking take place in a mental language that is physically realized in the brain and has a combinatorial syntax (and semantics) such that operations on representations are causally sensitive only to the syntactic properties of representations.
philosophy  thought  cognition  fodor 
august 2008
David MacKay: Information Theory, Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks
Provides a unified view on Information theory, Bayesian probability theory and machine learning.
ebook  information  theory  machine  learning 
august 2008
Deschooling Society by Ivan Illich
"The pupil is thereby 'schooled' to confuse teaching with learning, grade advancement with education, a diploma with competence, and fluency with the ability to say something new."
education  school 
august 2008
g, a Statistical Myth
Positively correlated variables are all correlated with a linear combination of each other, and this becomes no more profound when the variables are scores on intelligence tests.
intelligence  statistics 
august 2008
Applied Statistics PhD Comprehensive Exam
"It should in theory be doable by someone with just a good introductory undergraduate course in statistics, including multiple regression."
statistics  math 
august 2008
The Author of the Acacia Seeds (Ursula K. Le Guin)
On seeing meaning where currently don't, on understanding things in their terms where we currently impose ours.
story  fiction  language 
august 2008
The Tale of One-way Functions
Discusses and refines concepts relevant to the question whether one-way functions exist. (If yes, then P!=NP.)
compsci  functions  cryptography  levin 
august 2008
Paramutation: From Maize to Mice
Interaction between alleles that leads to heritable changes in gene expression without changes in the associated DNA sequences.
biology  genetics  dna 
august 2008
What Will the LHC Find?
A list of possible discoveries by the Large Hadron Collider and the probability of each discovery being made within the next five years.
physics  prediction  lhc 
august 2008
Im Spiegel der Gerechtigkeit
Über John Rawls' Theorie der Gerechtigkeit, die allgemeine gesellschaftliche Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen aus für den einzelnen nachvollziehbaren und aus egoistischen Gründen einleuchtenden Axiomen herleitet.
society  politics  fairness  morality 
august 2008
Holographic Principle
'volume itself is illusory and the universe is really a hologram which is isomorphic to the information "inscribed" on the spherical surface of its boundary. [..] the fundamental particle is a bit (1 or 0) of information.'
physics  information  entropy 
august 2008
Objections to Bayesian Statistics (pdf)
Presents a series of objections to Bayesian inference, written in the voice of a hypothetical anti-Bayesian statistician.
bayes  statistics 
july 2008
submeta
"We have a particular interest in facilitating interdisciplinary projects which may have difficulty finding a home within the classic university funding structure."
funding  research  neuroscience 
july 2008
Extelligence
This story is for the extended mind thesis what Permutation City is for a certain sort of computationalism: Something between an illumination of the fascinating consequences and a reductio ad absurdum.
extended  mind  cogsci  philosophy 
july 2008
Theory of Rumour Spreading in Complex Social Networks
The homogeneous causal structure of social networks creates substrates exploitable for the spread of information. Some ideas: Positive feedback, criticality threshold, iteration over possible causes, sampling of propagation probabilities.
feedback  social  network  model 
july 2008
Google Android Challenge Top 50 (pdf)
A look into the near future (6 to 12 months) of location aware devices.
google  location  mobile 
july 2008
Personal Identity (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
If branching and merging identities were reality, would the evolved concept of a persisting personal identity become irrelevant over time?
identity  personhood  philosophy 
july 2008
Richard Gregory on Qualia (pdf)
"as perceptions are ninety percent or more stored knowledge, the present moment needs to be identified [..] perhaps what qualia do is flag the present so that we do not get confused with remembered past or anticipated future."
perception  consciousness  qualia 
july 2008
Auto-Calibrate
First steps towards automated rationality training that fixes common biases in judgment.
bayes  calibration  learning 
july 2008
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
Jaynes argues that, as recently as 3000 years ago, human nature was split in two, an executive part called a god, and a follower part called a man, and that neither part was consciously aware.
consciousness  psychology 
july 2008
Sehnsucht (C. S. Lewis)
The inconsolable longing in the human heart for we know not what, universal and unspoken.
life 
july 2008
Two Kinds of Training (Interconnected)
Variable-interval reinforcement + extinction burst = addiction.
conditioning  learning  addiction  mattwebb 
july 2008
A Not-so-Characteristic Equation: the Art of Linear Algebra
Because most of math is just changing representations, visualization matters.
math  algebra  linear 
july 2008
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
A three-dimensional map of large-scale neocortical pathways with high correlation between structural and functional connection patterns.
neuroscience  brain  cortex  map 
july 2008
The Role and Future Prospects for Math/Computational Theories
Panel discussion on the role of theoretical neuroscience at the Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience.
neuroscience  future  video 
june 2008
Fusion-Reflection - Self-Supervised Learning
By Simon Funk, 1993. "Granger liked it. Hinton dismissed it."
learning  knowledge  markov 
june 2008
Ulam's Problem: Twenty Questions with n Lies
Error-correcting codes (Hamming codes) solve the problem of searching with lies for n=1.
compsci  games  ulam  search 
june 2008
Unthinkable Futures (pdf)
Whole Earth Review, Summer 1993.
futurism  past  kelly 
june 2008
Clustering by Compression (pdf)
Gives a parameter-free universal similarity distance, the normalized compression distance (NCD), shows that it approximates optimality and explains how it can be used to extract a hierarchy of clusters from arbitrary domains with unknown features.
hutter  similarity  compression 
june 2008
On Universal Prediction and Bayesian Confirmation (Marcus Hutter)
Universal prediction, i.e. Bayesian framework + Solomonoff prior + model class of all computable sequences, solves/avoids foundational problems of inductive inference, but has to be compromised in practice.
hutter  bayes  kolmogorov  solomonoff 
june 2008
The Self as a Center of Narrative Gravity
The self is a convenient fiction that helps us in making sense of our lifes. It becomes reality when we try to be coherent with the theory we made up to explain our episodic memories.
dennett  narratives  self 
june 2008
Light Cone
Generates a RSS feed of the stars within your personal light cone, the boundary of events that your life might have influenced.
astronomy  causality  mattweb  art 
june 2008
On Letting Go of Cause and Effect as an Explanatory Framework
"our dancing in clubs will alter the music which will alter our dancing, and the music and the visualisation/dancing will be translations of one another, and no way to tell which is first, because none is."
causality  explanation  mattwebb  *interesting 
june 2008
Experimental Evidence against the Utility of Occam's Razor
Suggests that simplicity may not be as good a bias for our world as commonly believed.
occam  machinelearning  biases 
june 2008
Ask YC: Things to do in Cambridge, MA
"Any suggestions on interesting groups to join, places to go, or people to meet?"
mit  boston  cambridge 
june 2008
hback (Google Code)
A dual n-back memory game based on the recent research paper that claims fluid intelligence can be improved by training working memory. Written in Haskell.
haskell  intelligence  code  games 
june 2008
Human Universals
Traits shared by all human cultures, without known exceptions.
anthropology  culture  sociology  psychology  evolution 
june 2008
Is Google Making Us Stupid? | Nicholas Carr
What you do changes who you are, how you think. Nothing new, but it's worth considering what this means given the large parts of each day we spend online.
internet  attention  thought  personality 
june 2008
The Country of the Blind by H.G. Wells
Deals with an isolated community where blindness is the norm and questions the saying "In the Country of the Blind the One-Eyed Man is King".
wells  story 
june 2008
Fermat's Last Theorem
"The purpose of this blog is to present the story behind Fermat's Last Theorem and Wiles' proof in a way accessible to the mathematical amateur." — Start with "The Story So Far".
math  fermat  algebra  blog 
june 2008
Sapir–Whorf hypothesis
Postulates that a particular language's nature influences the habitual thought of its speakers: Different language patterns yield different patterns of thought.
language  patterns  hypothesis  linguistics 
june 2008
From Edward Wilson's Autobiography "Naturalist"
"If I could do it all over again, and relive my vision in the 21st century, I would be a microbial ecologist. Ten billion bacteria live in a gram of ordinary soil [..] They represent thousands of species, almost none of which are known to science."
wilson  biology  quotes 
june 2008
How Big are Quantum States? (Scott Aaronson)
If you have a quantum state of n qubits, does it act more like n classical bits, or does it act more like 2^n bits?
quantum  physics  compsci 
june 2008
History of Lambda Calculus and Combinatory Logic (pdf)
The inception and development of lambda calculus and combinatorics from their genesis in the 1920s through the entire 20th century.
history  compsci  lambda-calculus 
june 2008
Proof Mining
The analysis of formalized proofs to obtain explicit bounds and convergence rates from proofs that, when expressed in natural language, appear to be nonconstructive.
proof  math  logic 
june 2008
Probabilistic Causation (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
All else being equal, causes raise the probabilities of their effects. Thus, the relationship between cause and effect can be modeled using the tools of probability theory.
philosophy  causality  pearl 
june 2008
Causation and Manipulability (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Introduction to manipulablity theories of causation, according to which causes are to be regarded as handles or devices for manipulating effects.
causality  philosophy  pearl 
june 2008
Reasoning with Cause and Effect (pdf)
Transcript of a lecture by Judea Pearl that introduces his approach to a formalization of causality.
causality  research  pearl 
june 2008
Fundamental Physics of MR Imaging
"A wonderfully written article that gives a great introduction to the physics of how MRI scanners work. It is both clearly written for the non-specialist and fantastically complete."
mri  physics  brain 
may 2008
Grand theory of the brain (New Scientist)
Friston's "brains are Bayesian predictors that minimize (thermodynamic) free energy" idea goes mainstream.
bayes  brain  neuroscience  entropy 
may 2008
A Backward Look to the Future
E. T. Jaynes' thoughts on physics, probability, and on what he learned during his 50 years as a researcher.
physics  probabilitytheory  jaynes  research 
may 2008
Bayesian models of human inductive learning (talk by Josh Tenenbaum)
Convinced me that Bayesian inference over hierarchies of flexibly structured representations is a good model of human inductive learning.
mit  bayes  cogsci  machine  learning  ai  *interesting 
may 2008
Bayesianism and Causality, or, Why I am only a Half-Bayesian (Judea Pearl)
"The bulk of human knowledge is organized around causal, not probabilistic relationships, and the grammar of probability calculus is insufficient for capturing those relationships."
bayes  probabilitytheory  causality 
may 2008
Inexact Graph Matching
Given a large (e.g. social or conceptual) network, applying graph matching to identify common structures (=subgraphs) might give us new vocabulary to talk about such networks.
graph  research  compsci  math 
may 2008
Zendo
A game of inductive logic in which the Master creates a rule and the Students attempt to discover it by building and studying arrangements of plastic pyramid-shaped pieces.
zendo  games  induction  logic 
may 2008
Predicting the Cosmological Constant from the Causal Entropic Principle
The causal entropic (and anthropic!) principle: Physical parameters are most likely to be found in the range of values for which the total entropy production within a causally connected region is maximized.
physics  entropy  anthropic 
may 2008
The Rapacious Hardscrapple Frontier (pdf)
An essay by Robin Hanson, projecting the universe as it might be in the year 1,000,000 C.E.
futurism 
may 2008
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