Locke1689 2 hours ago | link

Going forward, I think C++ is not a bad choice, but I can definitely see the distaste for exceptions. Unfortunately, as the author notes, simply not using exceptions doesn't quite do it. Fortunately, the hard work has been done for you. Much of Google's code was written in an exception-free manner before newer evolutions of C++ came out. This means that they have banned use of exceptions in their style guide. Luckily, it also means they've developed workarounds for most of the exception pain points.

I would encourage everyone to take a look at the Google C++ style Guide[1]. Most of the complaints are addressed in that article. Constructors can only signal errors through exceptions, so Google C++ allows only basic initialization in the constructor -- all real work is done in an explicit Init() method which can signal an error. I believe the guide addresses the posters other concerns too.

In general, the Google C++ style guideline is a very good resource for writing consistently good C++.

[1] https://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide....

Smartphones, Laptops, Tablets, Netbooks: Ein Piraten-Parteitag braucht schnelles Internet. Technikchef Hartmut Semken über das Piraten-Netzwerk - und warum Neumünster der ideale Ort für den Parteitag ist.
...
Für den Piraten-Parteitag haben Semken und seine Helfer 400 Meter Glasfaserkabel einmal quer durch die Halle verlegt. Bei einem Preis von einem Euro pro Meter der teuerste Posten. Denn die Verteilerboxen, die auch auf den langen Tischreihen überall aufgebaut sind, kommen zum großen Teil von Ebay. "Das ist acht bis zehn Jahre altes Profi-Equipment, das spottbillig zu haben ist", sagt Semken. Das heißt: Die Geräte lassen sich aus der Ferne warten und halten auch etwas gröbere Behandlung aus.
Die Piratenpartei hat mittlerweile eine ansehnliche Technik-Ausstattung zusammengekauft. Die Strategie, möglichst billige, einfach Technik einzusetzen und keine High-End-Lösungen erinnert dabei an Google. Auch der Suchkonzern setzt auf austauschbare, günstige Hardware. "Wir sparen uns damit die Miete für Netzwerk-Technik", sagt Semken, "das rechnet sich schon bei nur einem Parteitag".
Experiment dezentraler Parteitag

ANZEIGE
In einem Seitengang der Holstenhalle liegen Switches und Router bereit, falls ein Gerät streikt oder von Piraten versehentlich mit Club Mate übergossen wird. Von Berlin aus, wo die Technik lagert, haben sie 2,5 Tonnen Material nach Neumünster geschafft. Neben Netzwerk- war auch die Sound- und Videotechnik dabei, die ein Unternehmen den Piraten gegen eine Spendenquittung zur Verfügung stellt.

Insgesamt 16.000 Netzwerk-Anschlüsse, sogenannte Ports, haben sie eingerichtet - viel Platz für die Steckerkabel der Piraten-Mitglieder. Auf ein Funknetz haben Semken und sein Team verzichtet. "Ein Kabel-Netzwerk funktioniert in dieser Größenordnung zuverlässiger", sagt Semken. Außerdem ist es günstiger. Für die Presse hat er trotzdem ein Funknetz eingerichtet, vier Access-Points versorgen die rund 200 Journalisten mit Internet.

Over the past few years, my lack of front end knowledge has really began to bother me.

I learned the hard way. I worked for a marketing company that was wanting to "grow." I declined a stable job for more "flexibility" and "creative freedom." It just took one month for them to knock me back to a, "Well I think it would be best to have you on a project to project basis at this time." I ignored so many red flags, I look back and think I was an idiot. But alas, I was just ignorant.

I learned that in times of desparation, Hacker News is invaluable. While I was running out of leads for finding another job, I posted to HN about wanting to work somewhere for free. It wasn't a short time later that I was contacted by a startup based out of Harvard that they needed someone with my skillset and would even pay.
I participated in a StartupBus event and won 2nd place. First time I've ever flown. I went cross county to San Francisco, by myself, to participate in a pilot, Intel sponsored StartupBus event. We went from San Fran to Seattle and I had two days to make something awesome.

One of the most important things I've done is increase my skill set to a huge degree (no pun intended.) I started out just knowing the basics: HTML/CSS and some Photoshop skills. Hardly any knowledge of JS or any programming language. Now, this past month I've built my first Rails app for a local web dev company, and got paid for it. I've also learned a ton of Javascript, Git, HTML5, CSS3, new "tricks of the trade", Command Line, Vim, user flow, UX/UI principles, time management, and have gained solid experience with startups and various other organizations.

5.0 out of 5 stars A detailed and comprehensive explanation of the inner workings of the latest 2.6 Linux kernel, February 10, 2006
By
A. Papadimitriou "sterg" (Kavala, Greece) - See all my reviews
(REAL NAME)
Amazon Verified Purchase(What's this?)
This review is from: Understanding the Linux Kernel, Third Edition (Paperback)
The book "Undestanding the Linux Kernel",

explains clearly the inner workings of the

current 2.6 Linux kernel.

The presentation is at a considerable level of detail,

the authors fully describe the important data structures,

and the significant chunks of code.

The book is indispensable to any serious

Linux kernel developer.

However, it can be used also at the context

of an "Operating Systems Design" academic course

and the students can learn a lot from the

technologically advanced Linux 2.6 kernel implementation

and can modify/recompile and install their own version!

Mit seinem neuen Zertifizierungsprogramm "Linux Essentials" hat das LPI Schulen und andere Bildungseinrichtungen im Visier. Die Schüler erhalten damit nicht nur fundierten IT-Unterricht, sondern auch ein international anerkanntes Zertifikat.

They say the easiest way is the hardest way, right? I picked option two. I challenged myself to get rejected every single day. And that’s how Rejection therapy — a card game that builds confidence through rejection — was born.
...
Opportunities presented themselves but I chose the comfortable, boring route. But as I began to look for rejection, I discovered a unique thing about my comfort zone: It was elastic. The more I pushed past the boundaries, the more it would expand.

Preston-Werner’s bet has paid off. GitHub is now profitable. Users can sign up for free and start contributing, but they pay money if they want to privately host code there — starting at $7 per month. GitHub also sells an enterprise product that lets companies run your own version of GitHub behind the corporate firewall. That starts at $5,000 per year, but can cost hundreds of thousands annually for companies with hundreds of coders.
...
When Scott Chabon wrote a book about GitHub, the first fork appeared within a month. It was a German translation of his book. Now, three years later, it’s been translated into 10 languages, with another 10 translations in the works. Half of the traffic to the book’s website comes from China. “Tons of people in China are learning Git because they can read [the book] in Chinese on my website, because somebody provided that,” he says

The Eightfold Path

Once you decide to take the plunge into iOS programming, it might help to have a roadmap to follow. What follows is a high-level overview of the eight things I suggest doing and learning, to become competent at iOS development. Some of these steps overlap each other, but the overall progression of topics is the key takeaway.

Step 1: Pay Apple
You need to buy an Apple computer, an iDevice (iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch), and pay $99 per year to be in the iOS Developer program. Joining the iOS Developer program is necessary so that you can run your apps on your iDevice. It also grants you access to a large number of useful developer resources on Apple’s site.

Step 2: Objective-C
If you were to move to a foreign country, the first thing you would probably want to do is learn the native language. The same applies here. Objective-C is the language of iOS. There are others, such as Objective-C++, but almost all iOS developers use Objective-C.

I’m sure there are many good books out there that teach Obj-C, but I read and enjoyed “Learn Objective-C for the Mac”.

Step 3: Xcode
Xcode is the Visual Studio for iOS developers. Apple gives Xcode away for free, even if you don’t join the iOS Developer program you can get it. Xcode is where you write your code, design your screens, debug issues, configure provisioning files, analyze memory leaks, etc. You will spend a lot of time in Xcode, so it pays to spend some time learning how to use it.

Check out the Pragmatic Bookshelf screencasts about Xcode here.

Step 4: Memory Management
iOS does not have a garbage collector. Instead, it provides you with a very simple API that implements reference counting. This means that an object is immediately removed from memory when all “owners” of that object relinquish ownership. Before iOS 5 you needed to write all of that memory management code into your apps. Now, with iOS 5, there is a wonderful new compiler service called Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) which inserts the memory management code for you.

ARC is awesome, but I highly suggest that you don’t use it until you can manage memory yourself. In other words, don’t rely on ARC until you understand what it’s doing. There are many reasons for this; one of the most practical of which is the fact that most iOS sample code is pre-ARC.

My memory management bible, which I returned to many times until I finally “got it,” can be found here. You’ll probably need to read more in-depth explanations of memory management before that blog post will make sense and be useful.

Step 5: Interface Builder
Interface Builder, normally referred to as IB, is an excellent tool that allows you to build user interfaces via drag-and-drop. Before Xcode 4 came out, IB was a separate stand-alone tool that was loosely integrated with Xcode. Starting in Xcode 4 it was moved into Xcode, enabling a more familiar design-time experience for .NET developers.

IB rocks. It’s so good that I have never once needed to look at the XML it generates to serialize UIs. Imagine using Cider or Expression Blend and never needing to look at and edit XAML by hand!

Step 6: CocoaTouch
CocoaTouch is to iOS as WPF is to Windows. It’s what you use to create beautiful user interfaces that do real work. CocoaTouch is a high level library, built on top of several lower level libraries, such as Core Graphics and Foundation. It is a library with many frameworks and APIs, ranging from touchable Buttons, to customizable maps, to video players, to device-level notifications. It also has deep and rich support for the Model-View-Controller design pattern baked in, including a full navigation system based on view controllers.

The best book I know of for learning CocoaTouch is the one from the Big Nerd Ranch.

Step 7: Core Data
Once you are comfortable with the language, IDE, and UI platform there is still one more topic you need to wrap your head around. It’s called Core Data. It’s a framework, by Apple, that simplifies working with an application’s data. It does a lot of things for you, including mapping entity classes to SQLite tables (or other backing stores) and translating high-level queries into low-level queries and executing them for you.

The book that I read to learn Core Data is called “Pro Core Data for iOS”. Apple also provides a lot of great documentation about Core Data.

Step 8: Publish Apps
Don’t just write apps. Publish them to the App Store. Apple can reject your app, and prevent it from being available in their App Store, for many reasons. Professional iOS developers need to know how to create iOS software that will be approved by Apple. Plus, these days, companies looking for iOS developers require that you can demonstrate your skills by having published apps. If you don’t have apps in the App Store, you’ll be at a huge disadvantage when applying for iOS jobs.

package description (couldn't find something for Ubuntu or RH, but the former is probably using the very same thing) says this: "NetworkManager attempts to keep an active network connection available at all times. It is intended only for the desktop use-case, and is not intended for usage on servers." [1]

- why you'd have a hard time configuring it

If you install it anyway it comes with some tools [2] called nm-tool and nmcli. The latter [3] is, while the man page admits that it isn't meant to replace the applet, described as "The main nmcli's usage is on servers, headless machines or just for power users who prefer the command line."

At this point we have the following: The author of this blog posts writes up some evolutionary history of the linux desktop technologies (arguably unrelated? Is he really missing Corba or Orbit?) and then ends with a giant rant about network-manager (which I should've proved as being unnecessary and which, contrary to what he says, _comes_ with a tool to configure it) while punching dbus every now and then.

The title is link-bait and - well - weird. The article has no real point. I'm confident it took me a lot more time to write this comment and provide the relevant links than the whole 'problem' of setting up a network connection on a more or less recent Linux system can possible take.

If it takes so long - don't blame the tools.

1: http://packages.debian.org/squeeze/network-manager

2: http://packages.debian.org/squeeze/amd64/network-manager/fil...

3: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/oneiric/man1/nmcli.1.htm...

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> OSX is certainly a better choice for the pointy-pointy-clicky-clicky masses than windows by far. OSX is not, nor will it ever likely be made for serious hackers or sysadmins that actually care how things work at a low level

This is an extremely short-sighted, elitist point of view. Stuff like DTrace are absolutely fantastic and quite low-level, and applications like Instruments are quite helpful.
...
This is true but ironically, I recently built a hackintosh on a Dell XPS 8300 which required much fewer hacks than Ubuntu to simply work. (Debian did not stand a chance as it would have been running half of Sid). Arch Linux fares better but needed quite some work to achieve a fully working environment. Yet in the end OS X is still a better fit for the machine.

Vergangene Woche posierte Herrenknecht plötzlich mit Angela Merkel (CDU) und Chinas Premier Wen Jiabao beim Staatsbesuch der Kanzlerin in seiner brummenden Bohrer-Werkshalle vor einem schwarz-rot-goldenen Stahlriesen. Es gehe in China halt viel schneller voran als daheim, sagt der Unternehmer. Von seinen 4000 Beschäftigten arbeiten inzwischen 850 in China. "Stuttgart 21 hätten die Chinesen längst gebaut", sagt Herrenknecht.

B) Self-analysis. Any game player or competitor at all knows that the only way to learn is to learn from your mistakes. When you study your wins it doesn’t help you that much. You already won! You don’t need to win it again. But when you fail and you study why you failed then you know (hopefully) you won’t fail that way again. In fact, the next time, you’ll have a much greater chance of winning.

Closed mouths don’t get fed

I’ve written before about the importance of networking and moving from wallflower to evangelist. Kobayashi was adamant about the importance of this. “Closed mouths don’t get fed,” he would say. “If you want something, you have to either ask for it or walk up and take it.”

We can’t expect good fortune to fall into our lap. It’s our responsibility to create the circumstances for it and then capture that good fortune. The meek may inherit the earth, but they’ll be getting it from Kobayashi.

Be a badass

“There’s only one thing that will make them stop hating you. And that’s being so good at what you do that they can’t ignore you.” – Orson Scott Card, Ender’s Game

My friend Chris DeVore makes a comparison I love: pirate ships as organizational models. Pirate ships combine an “us against the world” mentality with a hunt for treasure. This crucible of chaos and ambition somehow allows unstructured groups of mercenaries to complete complex tasks without killing

w1ntermute 8 hours ago | link

From his comment about Haskell, I'm guessing Xmonad.

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tmhedberg 2 hours ago | link

Yep, that's correct.

My config is here: https://github.com/tmhedberg/xmonad.hs/blob/master/xmonad.hs

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Hirntraining kann bei Kleinkindern enorme Erfolge erzielen: In einem Experiment konnten sie sich schon nach wenigen einfachen Übungen wesentlich besser konzentrieren und sich unterschiedlichen Situationen anpassen. Die Forscher waren nach den Tests selbst erstaunt.

I just finished a summer studying Arabic at the Monterey Institute for International Studies, an enjoyable adventure that I hope to write about in more detail later. MIIS offers a nine-week program in a bunch of languages and is just down the road from a grim military counterpart called the Defense Language Institute, where young men and women learn how to eavesdrop on the nation's enemies, provided that the enemies speak slowly and limit their conversation to hobbies and the weather.

I’d say it’s taken us a long time and lots of extra learning to get to being average Clojure programmers. But, I definitely think it’s made us significantly better programmers overall (a side-effect of learning SICP and some other old-school CompSci books has been making better decisions). It sets the programmer bar pretty high.
What have been the biggest successes?

I actually think one of Clojure’s best strengths is it’s Java Interop. If I’m looking at using some Java library, I’ll almost always ‘lein new’ a new project and play around. I find the flow in Emacs/SLIME with Clojure very productive now. I also think the interop code you write ends up being cleaner than with other JVM languages (think JRuby).

I also knew that I wasn’t ready to be an entrepreneur so I gained startup experience by working at Behance and Hot Potato. On the side, I launched a ton of small ideas including The Feast Conference, By/Association, World Series of Good, TBD, and Lovely Day. By executing all these smaller ideas, the filter for what I wanted to work on got higher and higher.

The idea for Skillshare didn’t happen overnight. It took 5+ years of climbing the ladder of ideas and immersing myself in a lot of different experiences. There is no rush in understanding yourself and your passions. Keep in mind that most entrepreneurs get stuck in this stage because they never execute anything. The more you execute, the more your learn about yourself and your passions. Your goal at this stage is to find a problem you are truly passionate about solving.

Let’s set up memcached to run as a managed process on Ubuntu. Write an Upstart config:
/etc/init/memcached.conf

description "Memcached"
exec /usr/bin/memcached >> /var/log/memcached.log
start on runlevel [345]
respawn

We can now tell Upstart to start our process for the first time:

$ start memcached
memcached start/running, process 1212

The memcached process is now running in the background, managed by the process manager, with its output stream going to /var/log/memcached.log.

Now that we’ve established a baseline for the process model, we can put its principles to work in more novel way: running a web app.

Ein endlicher Automat (EA, auch Zustandsmaschine, englisch finite state machine (FSM)) ist ein Modell eines Verhaltens, bestehend aus Zuständen, Zustandsübergängen und Aktionen.

Er spricht perfekt Englisch, er liest sehr viel und er war ein absolut brillanter Redner. Das weiß jeder, der ihn bei den Revolutionsfeierlichkeiten auf dem Grünen Platz erlebt hat. Er hat die Menge gespürt, intuitiv begeistert.

55 points by nsfmc 168 days ago | link

Ok, so as someone that walked this path and is currently on the other end as a freelance graphic and web designer, i'll put out a brain dump.

# Development

1. For web development, you'll find tons of best practices (i.e. alistapart, smashingmag, diveintohtml5, etc). This is the easy part, you can browse these or skim them whenever you get bored. HTML is pretty straightforward, but css is a bit trickier.

1.5. An too-long aside on css. CSS is one of the most important things to try to master as you actually start implementing design. CSS is pretty gross, it's alright and not that difficult, but it's gross and it's nearly always a mess. There are lots of frameworks around that try to remedy this, but i recommend that you actually try to figure much of it out before you start adopting frameworks. Similarly, before you use a css reset, you should actually try doing some work without them (the big problem is that each browser's d

30 points by justinph 213 days ago | link

I'm a designer. Many sites I see that are made by non-designers suffer from two major flaws:

- Lack of white/negative space: You need room for your elements and type to breathe. Along this same line, you need to give generous padding and margins to things. If you ever have type squished up against the edge of a box, that's guaranteed to look bad. Have a repertoire of spacing that gets used in multiples: 5px, 10px, 20px, etc.

- Lack of hierarchy/scale: I think these two go hand in hand. One of my typography teachers in school had a saying: "Don't just make it 60pt, make it 600pt." Rather than bumping the heading up 10px, bump it up 30 or 40.

Bonus tip: Read about Gestalt Theory and you'll start to understand the psychology behind design. Might work for you if you're a techie: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_psychology
39 points by awt 214 days ago | link

A book I've found to be very useful for picking the absolut

Im Beruf hat das schlechte Gefühl auch sein Gutes: Es treibt uns zu Veränderungen an.

18 points by joshkaufman 5 hours ago | link

This is exactly what I did with business, instead of getting an MBA or a PhD.

Here's my reading list: http://personalmba.com/best-business-books/

Here's the book I wrote, condensing what I learned in the process: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1591843529/

I now own my own business, work for myself as a business teacher and consultant, have an enormous amount of flexibility in my day-to-day schedule, and make more than professors who teach at top business schools.

Education is changing.

Now, take a look at China, which now has over 400,000,000 users on the Internet. As of June 2010, it also has 277,000,000 mobile Internet users, and almost all of those are Nokia/Symbian OS users. The chart above comes from a recent study by iResearch, and it shows that 65% of mobile Internet users visit the Nokia OVI store, and 58% visit the China Mobile-operated Mobile Market.

5 points by jrockway

All control flow is a subset of continuations. The stack is a continuation (calling a function is call-with-current-continuation, return is just calling the "current continuation"), loops are continuations (with the non-local control flow, like break/last/redo/etc.), exceptions are continuations (like functions, but returning to the frame with the error handler), etc. Continuations are the general solution to things that are normally treated as different. So continuations are just as efficient (or inefficient) as calling functions or throwing exceptions.

In a web app context, though, it's kind of silly to keep a stack around to handler something like clicking a link that returns the contents of database row foo. People do this, call it continuations, and then run into problems. The problem is not continuations, the problem is that you are treating HTTP as a session, not as a series of request/responses. (The opposite of this style is REST.)

Being unhappy with a tool for an important task implies looking for better options, but I didn’t find anything that I liked. Until one day I discovered, mostly by accident, the org-mode package that has been distributed with Emacs for a while. org-mode is one of those pieces of software that is so powerful that it is difficult to describe to someone who has never used it. Basically, org-mode uses plain text files with a special lightweight markup syntax for things like todo items or time stamps (but there is a lot more), and then provides sophisticated and very configurable functions for working with this data. It can be used for keeping agendas, todo lists, journals, simple databases such as bookmark lists, spreadsheets, and much more. Most importantly, all of these can coexist in a single text file if you want, and the contents of this file can be structured in any way you like. You can even add pieces of executable code and thus use org-mode for literal

XMonad is a tiling window manager much like wmii or awesome e.t.c. However, it’s the first tiling window manager that I actually have enjoyed using.

What a tiling window manager essentially does is take care of positioning the windows you open by aligning them in a specific order. Why would you want this? Well, this is really useful for large screens and dual monitor setups as it saves you having to drag windows about and then resize them. Here’s a picture to illustrate this:

Chinas Führung fehlt es an Selbstbewusstsein, sagt Xu Youyu, Mitstreiter des Nobelpreisträgers Liu Xiaobo im Interview. Nur so seien die harschen Reaktionen erklärbar.

Sie gleiten durch Wassertunnels, schweben scheinbar mühelos über das kühle Nass - bei Könnern sieht Wellenreiten extrem verspielt und einfach aus. Doch ein Anfängerkurs in Frankreich beweist: Wer das Meer beherrschen will, muss erstmal jede Menge Salzwasser schlucken.

18 points by rubyrescue 1 day ago | link

I spent more money than i should getting my license north of Seattle, and i don't regret it. it was a confidence builder and something i really recommend to hacker types - learning to fly is such a perfect combination of the technical and aesthetic, satisfying the need for beauty, freedom, and aventure and challenging your mind at the same time.

Flying, after a while, can become routine and at a certain point the marginal value is low - it's expensive and if you're not going to be a professional pilot, it begins to seem like a very expensive and pointless hobby. but the experience of learning to fly is worth it.

At the time i got my license it was a minimum of 40 hours so the sport pilot rating makes it a lot easier. however, i'm not sure that at 22 hours it's very safe to go up with someone else - it's easy to get overconfident in the pattern, make a turn a little too tight, and stall, and at 1000 feet above the

Bunte Fische, geheimnisvolle Wracks, traumhafte Korallengärten: Immer mehr Deutsche erliegen dem Reiz der Tiefe und machen im Urlaub einen Tauchkurs. Doch nicht jeder Anbieter ist eine gute Wahl, kürzlich kam es zu einem tödlichen Unfall auf Fehmarn - SPIEGEL ONLINE verrät, worauf Anfänger achten müssen.

Slowly, but steadily, I started to learn new things about Emacs and then I realized that I will never stop learning new things about it. At the same time I was reading Pragmatic Programmer, which is one of the best books ever. In Pragmatic Programmer there is one advice called : “Use a Single Editor Well”. I decided I will try to learn Emacs as well as possible and forget all the other editors and IDEs, because life is too short to learn two editors well.

#17. Output your microphone to other computer’s speaker

$ dd if=/dev/dsp | ssh username@host dd of=/dev/dsp

The default sound device on Linux is /dev/dsp. It can be both written to and read from. If it’s read from then the audio subsystem will read the data from the microphone. If it’s written to, it will send audio to your speaker.

This one-liner reads audio from your microphone via the dd if=/dev/dsp command (if stands for input file) and pipes it as standard input to ssh. Ssh, in turn, opens a connection to a computer at host and runs the dd of=/dev/dsp (of stands for output file) on it. Dd of=/dev/dsp receives the standard input that ssh received from dd if=/dev/dsp. The result is that your microphone gets output on host computer’s speaker.

Want to scare your colleague? Dump /dev/urandom to his speaker by dd if=/dev/urandom.

I call myself a statistician, because, well, I'm a statistics graduate student. However, ask me specific questions about hypothesis tests or required sampling size, and my answer probably won't be very good. The other day I was trying to think of the last time I did an actual hypothesis test or formal analysis. I couldn't remember. I actually had to dig up old course listings to figure out when it was. It was four years ago during my first year of graduate school. I did well in those courses, and I'm confident I could do that stuff with a quick refresher, but it's a no go off the cuff. It's just not something I do regularly. Instead, the most important things I've learned are less formal, but have proven extremely useful when working/playing with data. Here they are in no particular order.

These are books that are important to me. Not in the Lewis Carroll or Herman Melville sense; they're not cherished fictional works, or even fictional works that are just thick enough to prop up the couch. For the most part they're technical books. But each of them is a book that I return to regularly as I try to figure out — well, how stuff "works".