irON (instance record and Object Notation) is a abstract notation and associated vocabulary for specifying RDF triples and schema in non-RDF forms. Its purpose is to allow users and tools in non-RDF formats to stage interoperable datasets using RDF.

VIE is a JavaScript library for implementing decoupled Content Management Systems and semantic interaction in web applications.

Interactive Knowledge Stack (IKS) is an open source community, whose projects are focused on building an open and flexible technology platform for semantically enhanced Content Management Systems (CMS). If you have a CMS and want to start using semantic technologies in combination with your content then IKS is the project for you. To make integration as easy and painless as possible all features are accessible via RESTful web services.

Apache Stanbol (currently in incubation) is an open source modular software stack and reusable set of components for semantic content management.

Apache Stanbol components are meant to be accessed over RESTful interfaces to provide semantic services for content management. Thus, one application is to extend traditional content management systems with (internal or external) semantic services.

Wikidata aims to create a free knowledge base about the world that can be read and edited by humans and machines alike. It will provide data in all the languages of the Wikimedia projects, and allow for the central access to data in a similar vein as Wikimedia Commons does for multimedia files. Wikidata is proposed as a new Wikimedia hosted and maintained project.

RT @mischatuffield: This is really great news : #wikipedia #data #semweb #dbpedia #webinf #inls520

This is a suggestion to consider @resource as preferable over @about. The purpose is to promote a slightly simpler and more uniform practice of RDFa use, especially in the RDFa Lite subset.

The data for TREC KBA 2012 has two components: Target Entities (Filtering Queries) and Stream Corpus (Text Documents).

In order to consolidate and decode some of the information you need to sift through when learning about rich snippets, we've created this visual guide to walk through the basics, fundamental types, implementation, and benefits of utilizing them.   

Microformats, RDFa and microdata all enable consumers to extract data from HTML pages. This data may be embedded within enhanced search engine results, exposed to users through browser extensions, aggregated across websites or used by scripts running within those HTML pages.

This guide aims to help publishers and consumers of HTML data use it well. With several syntaxes and vocabularies to choose from, it provides guidance about how to decide which meets the publisher's or consumer's needs. It discusses when it is necessary to mix syntaxes and vocabularies and how to publish and consume data that uses multiple formats. It describes how to create vocabularies that can be used in multiple syntaxes and general best practices about the publication and consumption of HTML data.

Anything To Triples (Any23) is a library, a Web service and a set of command line tools for extracting structured data in RDF format from a variety of Web documents.

Take JSON and HTTP (some use REST for marketing purposes) and add the capability of following (typed) links that lead you to more data (context, definitions, related stuff, whatever).

And here are the three current contenders in this space (in the order of stage appearance) – Microsoft’s OData JSON Format, The Object Network: Linking up our APIs, and – as I learned from Charl van Niekerk on #whatwg IRC channel tonite – A Convention for HTTP Access to JSON Resources.

Let me show you which steps have to be taken to generate a high-quality text mining application, ready to be used to annotate and to categorize any kind of text or documents covering nearly any domain. With our approach of thesaurus based text mining your documents can also be linked to the world of linked (open) data; enrich your documents with data from the LOD cloud!

This document describes N-Quads, a format that extends N-Triples with context. Each triple in an N-Quads document can have an optional context value.

Web Data Commons will extract all Microformat, Microdata and RDFa data that is contained in the Common Crawl corpus and will provide the extracted data for free download in the form of RDF-quads as well as CSV-tables for common entity types (e.g. product, organization, location, ...).

Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences located at the termini of linear chromosomes. Mons and Velterop refer to concepts linked by a predicate in an RDF triple as "telomeric concepts," an interesting metaphor demonstrating that Otlet's dream of a science of documentation that mirrors the science of natural phenomena is alive and well.

This tutorial will guide you through the key steps to build, test, and publish your first Open Graph app. We will build a sample app that allows users on your website to publish stories about cooking recipes.

Survey of frameworks for publishing RDF vocabularies/ontologies online.

In a multilingual Semantic Web, authors might write in precise, expressive varieties of diverse languages. Do such controlled languages exist? Of 41 candidates, just 4 were (1) designed for multiple domains and genres and (2) documented enough for evaluation. A sample of Web statements on health and human rights revealed limited expressivity or precision in each language. The most expressive one avoided structural ambiguity but allowed semantic ambiguity that could frustrate human and machine comprehension. The possibility of a practical Web-scale controlled language remains undemonstrated but unrefuted.

In summary the key benefits of using Semantic Web technology for Volkswagen were as follows:

A standardised interface to data and content, accessible to developers with different skillsets, using different technologies within and without the organisation.
Separation of concerns between information and application, both logically and physically.
Increases value, reusability and accessibility of data.
Very powerful federation features.
Adoption and use didn't necessitate process or change management. It could be leveraged at any stage within the product lifecycle painlessly and gracefully, both internally and externally.

In recent years, researchers in several communities involved in aspects of the web have begun to realise the potential benefits of assigning an important role to events in the representation and organisation of knowledge and media. While a good deal of relevant research has been done in the semantic web community (for example on the modeling of events), a lot of complementary research has been done in other communities, such as multimedia processing and information retrieval. The goal of this workshop is to advance research on this general topic within the semantic web community, by both building on existing semantic web work and integrating results and methods from other areas, with a particular focus on issues that are central to the semantic web.

More and more of the world's data is moving onto the Web. We want to share, re-mix and use this data to build more awesome Web applications. Using structured data technologies to mark up people, places, events, recipes, ratings, music, movies and products on the Web makes everybody's life easier. This site will help you learn about big data, the semantic web, and the practical application of technologies such as Microformats, RDFa, Microdata and JSON-LD.

From a Stanford Libraries newsletter: "Linked Data could provide the antidote to the chaos and complexity of the current overabundant array of too simple search mechanisms with too little precision and too short recall of relevant results."

With the proliferation of citizen reporting, smart mobile devices, and social media, an increasing number of people are beginning to generate information about events they observe and participate in. A significant fraction of this information contains multimedia data to share the experience with their audience. A systematic information modeling and management framework is necessary to capture this widely heterogeneous, schemaless, potentially humongous information produced by many different people. This book is an attempt to examine the modeling, storage, querying, and applications of such an event management system in a holistic manner. It uses a semantic-web style graph-based view of events, and shows how this event model, together with its query facility, can be used toward emerging applications like semi-automated storytelling.

Historic Crossroads (histcross) is a semantic database designed for the research needs of historians. Essentially, it enables researchers to enter information into the database and link pieces of this information sematically to each other.

FOX is a framework that integrates the Linked Data Cloud and makes uses of the diversity of NLP algorithms to extract RDF triples of high accuracy out of NL. In its current version, it integrates and merges the results of Named Entity Recognition, Keyword Extraction and Relation Extraction tools.

The ConceptWiki is a universal open access repository of editable concepts.

Kasabi brings together data providers (organisations, businesses, individuals) with developers and domain experts. This community lets data providers explore business models and add value to their datasets, while allowing developers access to build their applications and services around them.

LinkedDataSail gathers RDF data incrementally, dereferencing URIs in response to queries.

"HTTP has been successfully conflating names and addresses since 1989."

eRDF is a novel query engine developped at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. It uses the robustness of evolutionary algorithms to answer complicated SPARQL query over many end points.

This document describes the use of HTTP operations for the purpose of managing a collection of graphs in the REST architectural style.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a lightweight Linked Data format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is based on the already successful JSON format and provides a way to help JSON data interoperate at Web-scale. If you are already familiar with JSON, writing JSON-LD is very easy. There is a smooth migration path from the JSON you use today, to the JSON-LD you will use in the future. These properties make JSON-LD an ideal Linked Data interchange language for JavaScript environments, Web services, and unstructured databases such as CouchDB and MongoDB.

RoSE is a research-oriented social environment for tracking and integrating relations between authors and documents in a combined “social-document graph.”

It allows users to learn about an author or idea from the evolving relationships between people-and-documents, people-and-people, and documents-and-documents.

This book gives an overview of the principles of Linked Data as well as the Web of Data that has emerged through the application of these principles. The book discusses patterns for publishing Linked Data, describes deployed Linked Data applications and examines their architecture.

A story about the Semantic Web.

Features case studies by speakers from Cornell University, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Internet Archive, as well as a summary presentation by MIT's MacKenzie Smith.

The MADS/RDF (Metadata Authority Description Schema in RDF) vocabulary, a data model for authority and vocabulary data used within the library and information science (LIS) community, which is inclusive of museums, archives, and other cultural institutions.

FactForge represents a reason-able view to the web of data. It aims to allow users to find resources and facts based on the semantics of the data, like web search engines index WWW pages and facilitate their usage.

It provides constructs that will seem familiar to those used to ORMs like SQLAlchemy or Django but which are backed by an RDF store containing multiple graphs and are ultimately expressed in OWL.

SWI-Prolog offers an extensive library for loading, saving and querying Semantic Web documents called the `semweb' package. Internally, the query language is `Prolog', building on top of an efficient implementation of a predicate rdf/3 expressing the content of the triple store.

ClioPatria provides a ready-ro-run web-server on top of this infrastructure. The web-server contains a SPARQL endpoint, user management and web-based tools to help the developer analysing the loaded RDF.

This vocabulary enables providers of Web data to publish provenance-related metadata about their data.

Turnguard's QuadStore is the first draft of an own implementation of a QuadStore with main focus on data-retrieval speed. Implements full-text search.

This wiki contains the infobox-to-ontology and the table-to-ontology mappings which are used by the DBpedia extraction framework as well as the ontology definition itself. The framework collects the templates defined in this Wiki and extracts the Wikipedia content according to them.

One can now have RDF and full text indexing on the desktop without running a Java VM or any other memory-intensive software.

On October 29 I left London for what was to be a month tour of California. On all previous trips I prepared very little. This time though I spent two weeks organizing a Social Web Camp in order to build up contacts in the Bay. But things took a very different turn.

At Hexagram 64 of the Yi Ching - the oldest book in China - entitled "Before Completion", one can read:

The caution of a fox walking over ice is proverbial in China. His ears are constantly alert to the cracking of the ice, as he carefully and circumspectly searches out the safest spots. A young fox who as yet has not acquired this caution goes ahead boldly, and it may happen that he falls in and gets his tail wet when he is almost across the water. Then of course his effort has been all in vain. Accordingly, in times "before completion," deliberation and caution are the prerequisites of success.

Flight to San Francisco
The British Airways flight left in the late morning from London Heathrow. To keep me busy for the 10 hours trip I had bought the UK and US editions of Wired Magazine at the airport to complement the 1300 pages long collections of essays by Francois Jullien comparing European and Chinese approaches to wisdom which I had bought in Paris a few weeks earlier. ( some of these are available on Google Books in English ).

The plane took off and we were a served a very good and healthy lunch - I was pleasantly surprised. The shades were then pulled down to allow people to sleep or watch films. Even though I woke up at 5am that morning, I was too excited to sleep. So I read the easier Wired magazines from beginning to end to help me get back into the Silicon Valley spirit. One article that caught my attention and that was reprinted in both editions was Neil Christy's "Empty the Prisons" in the "12 Shocking Ideas that Could Change the World" Section. The following diagram makes the point very simply:

The cost of putting people in prisons is very high. Not just the monetary cost, but also the cost to Liberty. The easier it is for the state to put people in prison, the easier it is for this to be abused by underground operatives to put pressure on people to do things they would not have done otherwise. Perhaps there are crimes that should not be crimes. Not impossible: Alcohol was illegal in the 30ies in the US before being legalised after the complete failure of the program.

Having finished those mags I started reading a longer article by Francois Jullien on the different conceptions of Evil and negativity in the East and the West. It is an interesting story that goes all the way back to the earliest conceptions of religion. If God is pure good, how does evil enter the world? Is evil just the lack of Good, as Socrates would have had it? Or is the universe a battle between two equal forces, Good and Evil, as Saint Augustin, had been tempted to think in his earlier days as proponent of the Manichean religion. Or as the Taoists would have it, and as is symbolized so well in the Taoist Tajitu symbol, are these concepts such that they cannot exist without one another? Just as light cannot exist without dark, or high without low, perhaps good cannot exist without bad. And perhaps there is bad in the good and good in the bad? Certainly the Good of One can be the Bad of the other, as this poem - which is part of John Cage's Indeterminacy series -
so nicely illustrates:

Kwang-tse
   points         out
               that         a         beautiful

                                                woman

                 who         gives

                           pleasure

                                                 to         men

    serves
 only                                                                                             to

      frighten

                             the         fish

                                                                                when         she

   jumps
                                                                 in         the          water.

Moving away from the desire for purity, may be a very healthy thing to do.

I was tired and would not have had time to finish the 200 page article. Dinner was served. It was then just a short wait till we arrived. The plane dipped. I yawned to relieve the pressure on my ears, and looked out of the window, to what was the only view of the Bay I was going to be allowed to have. The plane landed around 3pm California time, which would have been 11pm London time.

Arrest

I had not filled in the forms for immigration, so I decided to do that comfortably in the plane. Those are the sheets where you are asked questions such as "Have you ever been or are you now involved in espionage or sabotage; or in terrorist activities; or genocide; or between 1933 and 1945 were you involved, in any way, in persecutions associated with Nazi Germany or its allies?" One has to enter 3 or four times the same information. I had to look up the address and phone number of my contacts in the Bay Area. As a result I was the last person to get out of the plane. A huge line awaited me at the passport control check point, and I was upset with myself for not getting out faster. I still wanted to get my bicycle out of the box, and go to Menlo Park to get a few posters for the Social Web Camp and place them around the Bay Area.

I arrived at the control point, gave the officer my passport and cards. But I had forgotten to enter my birth date on the back of one form, so he ordered me to the side to do that, while he dealt with another traveler. I came up, he processed the forms, asked me to put my hand on a fingerprint machine. Something beeped. He did not seem too happy, and told me to go down to the corner of the huge room, to the door I could see in the distance. "Straight down there", he said. I wondered what that was about.

As I entered the room I first saw a row of benches with a little under 10 people sitting there waiting to be processed. I was told to put my passport in a slot and sit down. I thought I could perhaps phone someone, but one was not allowed to make calls there for some reason. I did not want to bother anyone before I knew what the problem was anyway, so I just waited. Slowly people were processed. Some came out of interview rooms. A Woman was asked if she knew someone the Bay Area. She seemed not to understand. An interpreter came around. Her son was called...

I was asked to step to the back office, where they passed my hand through a machine which took the prints of my whole hand and of the side of my hand. They took a few photos. Then they asked me if I knew why I was arrested. No I did not. I thought perhaps I had failed to pay a parking ticket, but I could not imagine that that would warrant my being stopped at the border. So no, I did not understand.

It turns out that a case from 2001, which I was certain had been closed had popped up in their systems. This was from my last year working in the Bay Area, when I had moved to San Francisco to work for E-Translate, at the end of the dot.com boom. So quite some time ago. I had come to the Bay Area three or four times since then, which seemed to shock them, as much as their bringing this issue up shocked me. I told them this was certainly a mistake. Everything had been taken care of. I would be certainly very happy to get this problem cleared up at the courts, and I told them it would very certainly not take much time - Indeed when 6 days later I saw the judge it took him 30 seconds to clear the case. But the officer in front of me did not know that. The information against me on the computer looked bad enough for him, and that was it.

By this time they had taken my telephone, passport and other material, and I was no longer in a position to get advice. I certainly had never been read any rights, and I could not ask anyone for help - I suppose that is just for US citizens. In fact by signing the entry papers I had waived my rights to an immigration court hearing I was told. The interrogating officer, very slowly typed up a report. The first question on the report was: "How are you feeling?" My answer: very tired. It was probably 3am in the morning UK time.

I had pleaded with the officer that I had come just to talk at a conference which I had organized, and to then present talks in different venues. My interest was to have a clear record, and so I would certainly show up in court. Somehow he made me think that I could get bail, and that from there on I could organize the hearings. That seemed like a good enough solution. I felt relieved. Shit happens. At least I'd get a free ride in a cop car.

Ride in a police car
After another long wait, I was asked to remove my shoe laces, empty all my pockets, was handcuffed and walked out to the front of the San Francisco airport. There a couple of policemen were waiting for me. I squeezed into the back seat on the very narrow bench separated by glass and metal from them. They closed the door and drove off, the bag with my cell phone, passport and other bits and bobs with them in the front seat.

They were quite entertaining. One of the officers asked the other if he wanted to go for a pizza, to which the first officer replied that he could no longer eat greasy foods since his appendicitis operation. He went into detail to describe both the cause of appendicitis, the operation, the stones they found in the appendix and the whole trouble that this caused. His colleague did not abandon the pizza idea, and described in detail a famous low cost pizza place where there were only 4 types of pizza available, and where you had better be careful not to ask for[…]

Surprisingly, there is still no service that provides standardised URIs for temporal periods. This is partly due to the frequent controversy associated in pinning their boundaries down, as well as the contrast between those with relative and those with absolute dating. CommonEras is an attampt to build a community-based vocabulary service, with appropriate visualisation and search technologies, for temporal periods ('the Sixties', 'the Victorian Era', 'the Golden Age of Comics', etc.).

umbel:withAlignment is used to reify a umbel:isAligned or a umbel:linksConcept property to a calculated or estimated overlap percentage value between the two classes (sets).

Survey of approaches to handling time-sensitive statements in RDF.

A Semantic Web portal dedicated to ontology design patterns (ODPs).

"As Bruno Bachimont uses to say, an ontology is mainly a tool to explicit inconsistencies of our knowledge, pointing to new questions for research. After that, you can throw it away."

SPIN is a collection of RDF vocabularies enabling the use of SPARQL to define constraints and inference rules on Semantic Web models. SPIN also provides meta-modeling capabilities that allow users to define their own SPARQL functions and query templates. Finally, SPIN includes a ready to use library of common functions.

Predicates for asserting sameness or similarity without going too far.

This tutorial provides an introduction to using Pellet for developing ontologies and ontology-based applications.

RDFTEF is an open source Java framework that supports textual encoding in RDF+OWL. It provides a shell that allows the model to be queried using SPARQL, is able to import existing encoded text in XML TEI format, and can save the model to RDF/XML or export it in form of aspect slices, as XML TEI format.

This document describes SPARQL/Update, an update language for RDF graphs. It uses a syntax derived form SPARQL. Update operations are performed on a collection of graphs in a Graph Store. Operations are provided to change existing RDF graphs as well as create and remove graphs with the Graph Store.

Talk given at the 2nd Linked Data on the Web workshop (LDOW) co located with WWW 2009, Madrid.

Scripts for turning various things into RDF.

Create semantically enhanced content, without knowing about semantic technologies, with automatically proposed annotations.

What Google does with embedded metadata.

Perform full text searches, filtered by types that are inferred.

OpenLink Software provides a backup up of the current DBpedia 3.2 Database as hosted on the live service at http://dbpedia.org/, that users can restore into a Virtuoso EC2 AMI instance in the cloud, providing them with an instance of DBpedia for their own use.

This specification contains a framework for representing pointers - entities that permit identifying a portion or segment of a piece of content - making use of the Resource Description Framework (RDF). It will also describe a number of specific types of pointers that permit portions of a document to be referred to in different ways.

jOWL is a jQuery plugin for navigating and visualising OWL-RDFS documents.

This document describes an extension to the Sitemap protocol targeted at the efficient discovery and use of RDF data. The extension allows Data publishers to state where documents containing RDF data are located, and to advertise alternative means to access it, such as data dumps and SPARQL endpoints.

SWRL allows users to write rules that can be expressed in terms of OWL concepts to provide more powerful deductive reasoning capabilities than OWL alone.

Defines a set of built-ins that can be used in SWRL rules to perform temporal operations. These built-ins are defined in the SWRL Temporal Ontology.

The YQL platform provides a single endpoint service that enables developers to query, filter and combine data across Yahoo! and beyond. YQL exposes a SQL-like SELECT syntax that that is both familiar to developers and expressive enough for getting the right data.

The server forwards from the identification URI to the generic document URI. This has the advantage that clients can bookmark and further work with the generic document. This setup should be used when the RDF and HTML (and possibly more alternative representations) convey the same information in different forms.

Open Anzo has an impressive list of features beyond the simple ability to load and query triples.

Lua ActiveRDF gives you a Domain Specific Language (DSL) for your RDF model: you can address RDF resources, classes, properties, etc. programmatically, without queries.

"...even if web of data turns out to be all its proponents want it to be, narrative won’t still be part of it, but it will be something to put on top." Problematic assumption that facts precede narratives, that narratives are something you "put on top" of or weave out of facts or data... rather than facts being distilled from or abstracted out of narratives.

Anzo is an open source enterprise-featured RDF store and service oriented middleware platform that provides support for multiple users, distributed clients, offline work, real-time notification, named-graph modularization, versioning, access controls, and transactions with preconditions.

voiD is a vocabulary and a set of instructions that enables the discovery and usage of linked datasets.

It would seem important that the Web easily enable small-time users of data to efficiently communicate with one another, without the need to have one of the giants as an intermediary.

CSS is an external file that specifies how your document should look; RDF-EASE is an external file that specifies what your document means.

ActiveRDF is a library for accessing RDF data from Ruby programs. It can be used as data layer in Ruby-on-Rails, similar to ActiveRecord (which provides an O/R mapping to relational databases).

Here is a collection of semantic resources in order to ease the implementation of semantic Django web apps.

Pellet can read a batch of RDF with some facts and some OWL properties, infer what it can, and then write out a copy of the RDF with all the implicit facts made explicit.

The DBpedia Ontology is a shallow, cross-domain ontology, which has been manually created based on the most commonly used infoboxes within Wikipedia. The ontology currently covers over 170 classes which form a subsumption hierarchy and has 940 properties.