"History and ethnography are used instead to show the readers what it is like to live in a particular way, to provide those of us who belong to very different societies with a vantage point from which to think about ourselves and our own arrangements. Their purpose, to borrow an old concept, is a kind of understanding that derives from imaginative identification."

This browseable 75-topic dynamic topic model of the Journal Science (1880-2002) is part of the on-line supplement to the submission "Modeling the Evolution of Science." This browser allows a user to visualize the dynamic topic model, and use the hidden topics that it has uncovered to guide an exploration of the original collection of documents.

Domeo is an extensible web application enabling users to visually and efficiently create and share ontology-based stand-off annotation on HTML or XML document targets. The tool supports manual, fully automated, and semi-automated annotation with complete provenance records, as well as personal or community annotation with access authorization and control.

There are many situations where it would be useful to be able to publish multi-dimensional data, such as statistics, on the web in such a way that it can be linked to related data sets and concepts. The Data Cube vocabulary provides a means to do this using the W3C RDF (Resource Description Framework) standard. The model underpinning the Data Cube vocabulary is compatible with the cube model that underlies SDMX (Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange), an ISO standard for exchanging and sharing statistical data and metadata among organizations. The Data Cube vocabulary is a core foundation which supports extension vocabularies to enable publication of other aspects of statistical data flows.

For Peirce... the scientific method involves three phases or stages: abduction (making conjectures or creating hypotheses), deduction (inferring what should be the case if the hypotheses are the case), and induction (the testing of hypotheses). The process of going through the stages should also be carried out with concern for the economy of research. Peirce's understanding of scientific method, then, is not very different from the standard idea of scientific method (which, indeed, perhaps itself derived historically from the ideas of William Whewell and Peirce) as being the method of constructing hypotheses, deriving consequences from these hypotheses, and then experimentally testing these hypotheses (guided always by the economics of research). Also, as was said above, Peirce increasingly came to understand his three types of logical inference as being phases or stages of the scientific method. For example, as Peirce came to extend and generalize his notion of abduction, abduction became defined as inference to and provisional acceptance of an explanatory hypothesis for the purpose of testing it. Abduction is not always inference to the best explanation, but it is always inference to some explanation or at least to something that clarifies or makes routine some information that has previously been “surprising,” in the sense that we would not have routinely expected it, given our then-current state of knowledge.

Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences located at the termini of linear chromosomes. Mons and Velterop refer to concepts linked by a predicate in an RDF triple as "telomeric concepts," an interesting metaphor demonstrating that Otlet's dream of a science of documentation that mirrors the science of natural phenomena is alive and well.

This chapter studies the use of textual features based on systemic functional linguistics, for genre-based text categorization. We describe feature sets that represent different types of conjunctions and modal assessment, which together can partially indicate how different genres structure text and may prefer certain classes of attitudes towards propositions in the text. This enables analysis of large-scale rhetorical differences between genres by examining which features are important for classification. The specific domain we studied comprises scientific articles in historical and experimental sciences (paleontology and physical chemistry, respectively). We applied the SMO learning algorithm, which with our feature set achieved over 83% accuracy for classifying articles according to field, though no field-specific terms were used as features. The most highly-weighted features for each were consistent with hypothesized methodological differences between historical and experimental sciences, thus lending empirical evidence to the recent philosophical claim of multiple scientific methods.

Many scientific disciplines are now data and information driven, and new scientific knowledge is often gained by scientists putting together data analysis and knowledge discovery ‘pipelines’. A related trend is that more and more scientific communities realize the benefits of sharing their data and computational services, and are thus contributing to a distributed data and computational community infrastructure (a.k.a. ‘the Grid’). However, this infrastructure is only a means to an end and ideally scientists should not be too concerned with its existence. The goal is for scientists to focus on development and use of what we call scientific workflows. These are networks of analytical steps that may involve, e.g., database access and querying steps, data analysis and mining steps, and many other steps including computationally intensive jobs on high-performance cluster computers. In this paper we describe characteristics of and requirements for scientific workflows as identified in a number of our application projects. We then elaborate on Kepler, a particular scientific workflow system, currently under development across a number of scientific data management projects. We describe some key features of Kepler and its underlying Ptolemy II system, planned extensions, and areas of future research. Kepler is a community-driven, open source project, and we always welcome related projects and new contributors to join.

The past decade has witnessed a growing trend in designing and using workflow systems with a focus on supporting the scientific research process in bioinformatics and other areas of life sciences. The aim of these systems is mainly to simplify access, control and orchestration of remote distributed scientific data sets using remote computational resources, such as EBI web services. In this paper we present the state of the art in the field by reviewing six such systems: Discovery Net, Taverna, Triana, Kepler, Yawl and BPEL. We provide a high-level framework for comparing the systems based on their control flow and data flow properties with a view of both informing future research in the area by academic researchers and facilitating the selection of the most appropriate system for a specific application task by practitioners.

With the advent of Grid and application technologies, scientists and engineers are building more and more complex applications to manage and process large data sets, and execute scientific experiments on distributed resources. Such application scenarios require means for composing and executing complex workflows. Therefore, many efforts have been made towards the development of workflow management systems for Grid computing. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy that characterizes and classifies various approaches for building and executing workflows on Grids. The taxonomy not only highlights the design and engineering similarities and differences of state-of-the-art in Grid workflow systems, but also identifies the areas that need further research.

A Scientific Workflow Systems is a specialized form of a workflow management system designed specifically to compose and execute a series of computational or data manipulation steps, or a workflow, in a scientific application.

List of scientific workflow tools from the Data Observation Network for Earth (DataONE)

A bioinformatics workflow management system is a specialized form of workflow management system designed specifically to compose and execute a series of computational or data manipulation steps, or a workflow, in a specific domain of science, bioinformatics.

Scientific publishing as it stands is an inefficient way to do science on a global scale. A lot of time and money is being wasted by groups around the world duplicating research that has already been carried out. FigShare allows you to share all of your data, negative results and unpublished figures. In doing this, other researchers will not duplicate the work, but instead may publish with your previously wasted figures, or offer collaboration opportunities and feedback on preprint figures.

The great disadvantage of testing and data is that you get precise, decisive answers you can and will act on, but you almost never know what question you really asked.

"An argument is an extended chain of interrelated claims. In an essay, this argument expresses the essayist’s individual point of view on a complex phenomenon. A 'point of view' is an interpretation; to be worthwhile, this interpretation should be insightful, original, creative, speculative, interesting, relevant, skeptical, and evidence-based."

The Epistemological Lifeboat is an attempt to guide students and researchers into the complex field of epistemology/philosophy of science.

Limited edition A0 poster with 17 000 sky images - a visualization of a year's cycle taken between Sept 2005 and Sept 2006.

Over the course of his research and teaching, he has developed theoretically driven methodologies that allow broad conclusions to be drawn from ethnographic research and case studies.

Designers and marketers as brains of enterprise creativity, living on information circulation. Information systems consisting of humans, computers, and their social environment, stimulating dynamic streams of information and data.

This International conference is aimed to bring together a community of academics, researchers and practitioners that are involved in every aspect of Design Science.

Design research involves the analysis of the use and performance of designed artifacts to understand, explain and very frequently to improve on the behavior of aspects of Information Systems.

Since its founding in 1929, Musashino Art University has been one of Japan's leading art and design universities.

The science of design can be regarded as a creative conceptual mechanism for flexibly reexamining design as a specialty in light of social changes.

"Pluto isn't a planet anymore. The scientists blowed it up."

His research interests lie primarily in the area of Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Knowledge Management, Computer Supported Cooperative Learning, Entertainment Computing, Human Computer Interaction, Participatory Design, and Organizational Computing

Investigates how electronic art patches together processes and methods from the arts, engineering and computer science environments.

Papers on scientific presentation and communication.

Her research and writing focus on the social and cultural changes associated with information and communication technologies and the relationship between new technologies and knowledge.

Information society; social and cultural aspects of communication/information technologies; scholarly communication; communication and knowledge.

Tanaka Katsumi's lab at Kyoto University's Department of Social Informatics, focused on Digital Library research (including video).

This seminar aims to introduce and explore core literature and issues within Science and Technology Studies (STS), drawing primarily upon contributions from sociology, anthropology, political science, history and cultural studies.

The author's experiences as a master's and doctoral student at the UC Berkeley School of Library and Information Studies during a formative period in the history of information science, 1966-71, are described.

A Python distribution that comes with even more useful capabilities already installed and ready for use.

SciPy includes modules for graphics and plotting, optimization, integration, special functions, signal and image processing, genetic algorithms, ODE solvers, and others.

A "cinema," that is, in which human subjectivity and the variable choices made by custom software combine to create films that can run infinitely without ever exactly repeating the same image sequences, screen layouts and narratives.

"All theory may be regarded as a kind of map extended over space and time."

Against Method calls into question the position that science enjoys in modern society (politics, education, etc...

I had great expectations for this book, with all the rave reviews and the topic looking highly relevant for my own research...

The cool thing about "Smart Mobs" is that it's really happening...

"We do not know: we can only guess...

I keep this book close to me at work and usually stick it in my laptop case when I leave for home...

I've been a big Kuhn fan for years...

Reading Serrres before this book was something of an adventure...

More than half of the world's petrol sources have already been exhausted, and now, with rapidly industrializing countries with huge populations like China and India, demand and competition for petrol will skyrocket and accordingly prices will too...

David Foster Wallace could easily have come as close as anyone could to achieving the aim of this book - to give an understanding of the mathematical concept of infinity to the educated layman...

This book is a happy marriage between a great writer and a fascinating subject...

I usually finish everything I read, but I had to make an exception for this book...

I hated this book for all the same reasons that the previous reviewer loved it...

In Remediation, Jay David Bolter and Richard Grusin analyze new technologies and their implications for American society...

I recommend reading of this book because of the importance of it...

Having lived in Japan for a long time I found this book disappointing...

i loved this book: it questions the idea of repeatability, which means that it questions the religion of science (as practiced by amateurs)and it shows you how language has served the impulse towards duplicity...

If the very idea that chemical and physical or biological and social phenomena could be causally connected takes you by surprise, then I strongly recommend this book to you...

Although dead at the young age of 36 from leukemia, Marr's computational and mathematical approach to vision revolutionized the entire area of vision research, after which it was never the same...

"Mutants" is part side-show and part genetic crapshoot where the mutated gene almost always loses...

Rudy Rucker, son of a cleric and mathematics whiz kid, produced this book on `Infinity and the Mind' years ago, but reading and re-reading it, I continue to get insights and the chance to wrap my mind around strange concepts...

In this book, Liu makes a persuasive argument that knowledge workers can resist the dominant postcapitalist business ideology from the inside by developing an "ethos of the unknown...

...this book is one of most informative and legible books on wavelt theories and applications...

This is the second volume of 'Information Age'...

This deeply perceptive book changes our own perceptions of all kinds of light and color events in the outdoors...

'On the Shoulders of Giants' (which shall hereafter be referred to as OTSOG) is the quintessential study of the nature of academicism...

Most everything in modern societies rests on rules, standards, and regulations of one kind or another...

By far, the best wireless book I have read...

Two things I really didn't like about this book: (1) The agonizingly painful (to read) language of post-modernist thinkers...

If you thought scientific knowledge was clear, objective, and unbiased, but fortunately became enlightened by your readings of Kuhn, think again!! Rediscovered by Kuhn himself, Fleck exposes in a brief, very-well illustrated monogrpah, how facts -such...

Firstly I would like to disagree with the reviewer who said granular synthesis was not musical...

Like many other reviewers of John Markoff's terrific "What the Dormouse Said," I live in the area-- neighborhood, really-- that is Markoff's subject; I've met a few of the characters he writes about; and I've read a lot of the literature on the history...